Motorcycles, A Mechanized Version Of A Horse Some May Say, Were First

?Motorcycles, a mechanized version of a horse some may say, were first created in the early 1900's?. (Scott, p.7) Harley Davidson, a family run business for over 65 years, produced one of the first American made motorcycles. ?Through the years of boom and bust Harley Davidson was known exclusively as the builder of large, air-cooled V-twin engines, powering mostly large, heavyweight motorcycles?. (Rafferty, p.8) Harley still remains the foundation of motorcycles today. The first prototype Harley-Davidson was developed in 1901 by both William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson. Throughout their years of building different models they worked on improving the Harley piece by piece and came out with a bike that stood out for it's safety measures and advances. Harley Davidson was also known for its powerful V-twin engine which appeared in 1909. Their first attempt at developing the engine was unsuccessful, but after undergoing revisions in the design it reappeared in 1911. Its new engine was more suitable for the use of a sidecar because it produced more power. The sidecar was used mainly for carrying the wife and family and required the extra horsepower from the engine. ?The tempo of the company picked up until in 1918, when orders were helped by the military, Harley-Davidson was the world's largest motorcycle company.? (Scott, p.21) In the mid 1920's Harley-Davidson decided to expand and manufacture bikes for racing even though the original design wasn't intended for racing use. The developer's opinions changed when they saw that money could be made and that their motorcycle was one of the top-of-the-line bikes on the market for this kind of use. Many private Harley owners that raced found the motorcycle to hold up well on the track. Once the Harley manufacturers found out about this they started to construct a more advanced motorcycle for racing. By doing this they changed the V-twin style engine to a 37-cubic-inch sports model. This new model gave the bike more power, quicker starts, and an over all better performance. As the years went on new models were produced and during the fifties women began taking more active roles in motorcycling following examples set a decade before by the Motor Maids. This popular group of women riders, supported by the American Motorcycle Association (AMA), demonstrated that women needn't be only passengers. A women named Dot Robinson was the original president of the Motor Maids. New models of bikes were made to suit the desires and needs of women riders. The bike's engine size and metallic structure was configured specifically to fit a women. In the 1960's Harley riders started to develop an image of riders with black leather jackets, tattoo's, long hair and even beards. This had become not only a statement of fashion, but a preferred lifestyle. Motorcycle movies like ?Run, Angel Run!? staring William Smith, and ?Easy Riders? staring Dennis Hopper and Jack Nicholson became popular in the late 1960's. As a result of these motorcycle movies, motorcycle riding gained a ?bad boy? perception within the general population. Celebrities such as Sylvester Stallone, Billy Idol, and Elizabeth Taylor bought Harleys to fit and enhance their images. Even in today's world motorcycles have a bad reputation and image towards them but people still buy and ride them. There are many different models, companies and styles of motorcycles manufactured today. Many companies try to make their motorcycles look like Harleys because they know that Harley-Davidson is a well liked and ridden motorcycle. Most of these foreign bikes are shipped in from other countries. Although some of these bikes are made in America they still need foreign parts shipped in to build them. This is one of the reasons why people buy Harley-Davidsons, because they are all made in America. Instead of our money going to other countries it stays within the US. This benefits American people by keeping more people employed and less people on welfare. These bikes may be considered expensive but with all the work that is put into these machines it is worth it. For a less expensive motorcycle Honda and Kawasaki are examples of Japanese-made motorcycles that are street legal but are mainly made for going fast. These type of bikes aren't made for traveling long distances

Why did the Japanese Annex Kor essays

Why did the Japanese Annex Kor essays Why did the Japanese annex Korea in 1910? The subject of Japanese-Korean relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is extremely controversial and potentially volatile, evoking powerful emotional reactions in both countries today. Consequently, the reasons for Japans eventual annexation of Korea remain highly debatable, exemplified by the contention surrounding the remark made by the Japanese Prime Minister Moriyama Tomiichi suggesting that Japans annexation of Korea was based on a legally valid agreement between the two countries. Indeed, finding a degree of truth in such a subject is by no means easy and this essay will try to be aware of the potential pitfalls that pro-Korean or pro-Japanese sentiment gives to the discipline. Nevertheless, most historians are in agreement that Japans annexation was not directed at ensuring the common wealth of the two nations but rather predominantly the wealth and security of the larger power. Similarly, the annexation probably represents the culmination of an ev olution over several years where Korea was swallowed up in stages , rather than anything dramatic or unexpected. Arguably Japan never originally intended to take control of her Korean neighbours but instead reacted to changing circumstances and environments. All this will theoretically be addressed in this essay, which will hope to arouse some contention while commanding a degree of objectivity. It may be argued that the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910 was an effect of the growing Japanese imperialism that was itself formulated as a response to the intrusion of the Western imperialists into East Asia. In the eyes of professor Eto, Meiji Japan was weak and puny compared to her European neighbours before she embarked on her colonial mission. Consequently, Japan became obsessed with finding what it called its proper place&...

Jug Bands and Homemade Instruments

Jug Bands and Homemade Instruments If youre looking for a way to introduce your kids to homemade music, theres no better way than with homemade instruments.  To musicians with a creative bent, any object can be turned into an instrument.   The jug band is a uniquely American musical institution that got its start as a bunch of household utensils. The first jug bands were formed in the areas around Memphis by out-of-work vaudeville entertainers. The musicians were often poor, so improvising and creating their own instruments was a necessity. Jug bands were typically street performers who played in hopes of earning money from passersby. A jug band makes a perfect topic for a multidisciplinary unit study. The jug band lends itself to  a range of subjects, including  science, math, history, and geography. For instance: Science: How do vibrating materials produce sound waves in the air?Math: When you divide the string on a washtub bass, it produces a different tone. See if you can figure out what fraction relates to what note of the musical scale.History: Explore the armonica, an instrument invented by Benjamin Franklin based on the sound of musical water glasses.Geography: What are some homemade instruments found in other countries?   And of course, making musical instruments is a great way to add hands-on activities to your study of music. You can make your own jug band using items found around the house or at the hardware store. Here’s what you need: The Jug The horn section of the band played right, sounds like a buzzy trombone. Traditional stoneware jugs look good, but plastic maple syrup containers or milk jugs are lighter (and unbreakable) and work just as well. To play: Hold the rim of the jug a little bit away from your mouth, purse your lips, and blow directly into the hole. Be prepared to make a rude noise, or even spit, to create the sound. Change notes by loosening or tightening your lips or by moving the jug closer or farther away. The Washtub Bass This string instrument consists of a cord stretching from a metal tub on the floor to the top of an upright wooden stick. Ours uses a kid-sized metal pail, a broom handle, and some colorful thin, soft nylon cord. Just follow these directions: With the pail upside down, make a small starter hole with a hammer and nail in the center of the bottom of the pail.Insert a small eyebolt into the hole, loop side up, with a nut above and below to hold it in place.Tie one end of the cord to the loop in the eyebolt.Cover the bottom end of the broomstick with a rubber cane tip to keep it from slipping. Rest the broomstick, threaded end up, on the rim of the pail. Tie the loose end of the cord to the top of the broomstick, as tightly as possible. To play: Hold the stick near your shoulder, put one foot on the rim of the pail to hold it in place, and pluck the string. Change notes by tilting the stick, or by pressing the string against the stick as if it were the fingerboard of a guitar. The Washboard Rasping instruments belong to the percussion family. Our â€Å"Dubl Handi† steel washboard from the Columbus Washboard Company cost $10 at an antique shop, but a ribbed paint roller tray or broiler pan can be substituted in a pinch. To play: The washboard is played by scraping something stiff against the ribs of the metal surface, such as a thimble or whisk broom. Musical Spoons The clicking of a pair of back-to-back teaspoons, also a percussion instrument, can add a fabulous rhythm to your band. To play: The trick is to hold the spoons firmly in your fist, handles pressed against your palm, with the knuckle of your index finger in-between, making a space of about half an inch. Stand with one foot up on a stool, and bang the hand with the spoons up and down between your thigh and the palm of your other hand. A bup-bup-bup, bup-bup-bup, like a horse’s hoofs clacking, gives a nice beat. Comb and Tissue Paper This kazoo-like instrument works on the same principle as the human voice. The paper vibrates to create a buzzing sound, just as the vocal cords vibrate when you talk or sing. Find a comb with thin flexible teeth. Fold a piece of tissue or wax paper in half, then cut the folded sheet to the size of the comb. Hold the comb and drape the paper over it, letting the paper hang loosely. To play: Put your mouth and say â€Å"do do do† until you feel the paper tingle against your lips. Once you’ve got the hang of it, try singing notes and using different syllables to change the sound. What to Play When your band’s assembled, try some traditional melodies the sillier the better! This is your chance to brush up on old tunes like â€Å"She’ll be Coming Round the Mountain† and â€Å"Oh, Susanna.†Ã‚   And if you want to try some other kinds of improvised instruments,  you can find plenty of inspiration.  For example, the stage musical  STOMP  uses push brooms, matchbooks, and paint scrapers to create rhythm. And the  Blue Man Group  plays tunes on instruments made out of PVC pipes and boat antennas. They prove that  there’s music in almost any object you can imagine.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Essay

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) - Essay Example The policies of IFRS are more advanced and precise for meeting the changes in the new accounting and audit systems, so US is also moving towards IFRS. The US GAAP is actually concept based, whereas IFRS is based on principles. The methodology of these two frameworks and the accounting treatments are also different. In US GAAP, the research is mainly based on the literature but in case of IFRS, the rules are mainly based on reviews and patterns of facts. Table of Contents International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 4 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) 5 Different between IFRS and GAAP 5 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a principle based framework created to develop new standards of accounting and auditing. The International Accounting Standards (IAS) was renamed as IFRS and the policies of IAS was also changed or renewed under this. The IFRS was constructed to develop a globalised accounting an d auditing model. The IFRS approves three main accounting models: The current cost accounting, maintenance of financial capital in the units of the constant purchasing power and the capital for maintaining nominal monetary units. IFRS follows three basic assumptions: Going on Concern: It states that an entity will continue its activities and any form of hindrance would not stop it from doing so. The assumption for proper and stable measuring units: The changes in the purchasing ability of functional currency excluding the 26 percent p.a. for consecutive 3 years can be considered immaterial for not considering the capital maintenance as stated in the guidelines of IFRS. Purchasing Power: It considers the constant power to purchase at all levels of inflation and deflation in relation to the consumer price index. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) The Generally Accepted Accounting principles (GAAP) are the rules in relation to accounting and auditing which are used for pre senting, and preparing the financial reports or statements for different entity. It includes the policies for the entire accounting and auditing industry. The GAAP is actually set or formulated by the Government Accounting Standard Board (GASB). The basic objectives of GAAP are: To safe guard the interest of the investors. To help the authorities take important financial decisions. It plays a significant role in maintaining records. It improves the performance of the organization (Cerritos, n. d.). Different between IFRS and GAAP The basic difference between IFRS and US GAAP framework are: Inventory: Under the system of IFRS, the LIFO system cannot be used, but in GAAP both LIFO and FIFO are allowed. So companies have choices in the second case. Cost of Development: In case of IFRS the

Global Perspectives on Innovation and Creativity Essay

Global Perspectives on Innovation and Creativity - Essay Example From this paper highlight that the products created by EMC are sold to customers that use a variety of computing platforms and key applications. The market target for this company is the global 2000, mid ten market and service providers. VMware is a technology firm that has enabled multiple operating systems. Some of the systems include, the MICROSOFT WINDOWS, LINUX and NETWARE. It also provided virtual infrastructure software for industry standard Intel based servers as above. The software’s performed a variety of services which included evaluation, deployment and implementation of disaster recovery. This paper discusses that the adoption of the VMware software’s in the EMC Company would allow enterprise customers to improve their server utilization rates and dynamically allocate work load across multiple services. This is because the VMware software has more potential therefore the integration with the EMC will lead to greater innovations. The main question that the essay is portraying whether the EMC Corporation should integrate with the VMW. The paper basically examines the importance of adopting the centralised system of management, the advantages and disadvantages that come with it. How resources can be allocated in a centralised organization. The central tenet of organization theory holds that the structures systems and process of a firm should be independent and must be mutually supportive and coherent. It therefore emphasizes on the need of the EMC Corporation to merge its operations with VMware. Furthermore it is proposed that the organization that is pursuing innovation, which in this case is the EMC, development of software’s should acquire a mode of supporting organizational structure. In this case, the centralized system will be settled upon.  

Subaltern Realism Mohammed Ayoob Analysis

Subaltern Realism Mohammed Ayoob Analysis In the end of 1980s and beginning of the 1990s; Mohammad Ayoob, a scholar of international relations, proposed and developed the subaltern realism theory. Subaltern realism is a response to the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz and other scholars. The theory provides a critical tool for the root and main causes of current conflict and state behaviors in the Third World. It emphasizes the differences between conditions of the industrialized core states and the Third World. To include the third World in the mainstream theory of IR, Ayoob proposes different concepts of security with updated and innovative variables and new set of questions. Ayoob has proposed five variables, which describes the state building process, how a developing state should sustain its economical and political relations especially with its neighboring countries and with the rest of the world. The first option he proposes is strong security through which a state can assure its economic growth, better educational system, security, healthcare and peace. Mohammad Ayoobs subaltern realism theory with its five variables are applicable in Afghanistan considering the facts about weak or no security and corrupt state building process since the very beginning. Subaltern realism theory can lead us to some answer regarding the troubled and turbulent Afghan history. Since very long time Afghans have been trying to bring security in Afghanistan but none of the Afghan presidents have achieved this goal. Failure for maintaining a lasting stability in Afghanistan is and may remain a big issue for the current and every government which will rule over the country. Lasting stability requires national political compromises and reconciliations, an accountable and functioning political system along with reliable government. Spoiled by cheating, Afghanistans parliamentary election was a clear example of a corrupt state with coercion left as the only means to consolidate their rule. History tells us that almost every government was based on coercion. Ahmad Shah Durrani the very first person who conquered and ruled over the whole country winning his way in by sword. Following him, especially in the late twentieth century when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, coercion was again used for consolidation of power. Even in current situations we have been noticing that president Karzai fails to convince people (Taliban) to join him and his government, which results in bringing the international community and the USA in to fight him against the corruption and help him with creating a better state. Indeed usage of political capacity as a means to build a functioning state has proved devastating for all those regimes. Discrimination and nepotism has been one of the major issues behind security, state failure and corruption in Afghanistan since very long ago. There are various ethnic groups in Afghanistan, which most of them are not united. Such disunities between ethnicities are much dangerous for security and stability of the country. We have seen throughout the history that these ethnical discriminations have given birth to numerous domestic wars. In Afghan politics, Pashtuns are never accepted by Tajiks and vice versa. In recent parliamentary elections, many Hazaras have been elected as representative of people in parliament, of course through cheating which affects the state building process. For a bright future, stable country, absolute security and prosperity we have to adjust to national identity and eliminate the discrimination and get to know each other as Afghans. Afghanistan and Pakistan have conflict on the Pak-Afghan border for over a century. Except Taliban, no government has had good relations with Pakistan over the Pashtunistan issue, which is now Pakistan after border demarcation by British in 1893. This demarcation has affected security and stability on both sides for decades. If situations in Pakistan (Pashtunistan) are threatened, it is clear that Afghanistan will not remain stable as well. The UN and the international community together have been working on the issue but no solution has been provided yet. Such demographic and border disputes indeed have slowed down the pace of state-building in Afghanistan. Great power rivalries have also contributed during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, Afghan Civil War and on the War on Terrorism. Using Afghanistan as an ideal transit state for gaining access to rich resourced central Asian markets, Pakistans Pashtun population showed empathy with Pashtuns (Sunni Muslims) on the other side of Durand Line, and mean while Iran started supporting non-Pashtun population of Afghanistan (Shitte Muslims). The emerging Iran-Pakistan rivalry contributed greatly to the Taliban takeover after the Afghan civil war. North West Frontier Province, Baluchistan and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas are placed in Pak-Afghan border, which have become key sources for weapon supplies and for recruitment of anti government militant groups in Afghanistan. The Irans nuclear program and the United States of Americas standoff over it has introduced and created difficulties in the Afghan-Iran political and economic relations. Iran is an important and key supporter of the Hamid Karzais government-backed by the West; but with the continued pressure on Iran from the US has forced Iran to carry on with their mission of destabilizing Afghanistans domestic situations and disrupting the Washington Afghan campaign. No doubt regional power rivalry has an input in the state-building process of Afghanistan. International norms have not been given any importance in Afghan-British wars, Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, under the Taliban and during the War on Terrorism-Afghanistan. Killing innocent lives and civilian causalities have been completely ignored in almost every disaster mentioned above. During the Soviet Invasion, millions of Afghans were killed, millions lost their shelters, and millions were displaced. Numerous genocides have taken place in the history of Afghanistan; Khalq political party, Percham political party, ISI, CIA and US Marines all have played an important role in it. In conclusion, five variable introduced by Mohammad Ayoob has been clearly used and noted in the history of Afghanistan. Unfortunately, each time this genocide was used as an effort for stabilized, secure, prosperous, developed and peaceful nation. Most generally the environmental security is concern with how much humans are liable to the natural resources. This theory focuses on the possible connections between scarcity of resources and conflicts. Traditionally across the 1980s, the issue of natural resources scarcity had arisen as security threat in the geopolitics and political science literature. Environmental degradation is in itself a sever threat to human security and all life on earth. Air and water pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, etc., resulting from civilian and military activities can do change our living conditions dramatically. This is why many definition of environmental security have focused on sustainable utilization and protection of the human environment. Nature is no longer the opponent of society, against which humanity must struggle to survive: it is something that we must protect from the negative consequences of our own activities. Devastating Wars in Afghanistan has led to deforestation, water pollution, immigration, and soil infertility, wide and rapid spread of environmental diseases. Most of the forests of the country have been burnt during the war, various kinds of chemicals and heavy arms have been used on our lands. These chemicals polluted the air and water of Afghanistan at high level. However air pollution is not a major issue in Afghanistan, but reliance of air pollution on inexpensive energy surely has generated some issues. Most vehicles inside urban areas run on diesel fuel wood and coil burning which mostly relies on resources for household energy. During the winter season, most of the families burn woods in homemade heaters called Chari. Along with woods, they mix coil, diesel and other burning materials so the fire can warm up the room/house better. The smoke that comes out of these heaters mixes up and pollutes the air which poses health disease. Premature deaths and health problems such as ma laria, diarrhea and pneumonia are the most direct environmental problems in Afghanistan. Unfortunately, infants are the victims of these diseases for the most part. What could be done to protect our environment and people from such threats? To control the air pollution, the government has brought changes in the weekly off days and even has restricted the means of transportation within the Kabul city. Government employees are advised to stay off from their works on Thursdays, so the number of cars could be reduced during the day. Very few taxis are allowed to drive on Mondays, and those who are allowed once will not be allowed until their term reaches again. The process is little complicated but I believe it is a good initiative and good step towards controlling and decreasing air pollution. As per institutional liberalism, I suggest there should be institutions which should work on educating people and should let them know about the harms of misusing the natural resources. People wh o should be responsible for this, must be technical and skilled, should be aware of all environmental threats. The best and intelligent ways to regain the hope of our survival through these environmental crises is to address the environmental issues to people, which is not an easy task and might take decades. To protect and safeguard the environmental security, the whole human environment is considered including the assurance for a sustainable future and the resolution of environmental problems. States Balancing VS Bandwagon Bandwagon is the logic most frequently used by the American neoconservatives. They, Bushs team, believed that by threatening one sovereign state, we can simply make others around them ally with us as the only super power. This was the sole purpose for the US military intervention of IRAQ, where they wanted Iran and North Korea to extend the hand of friendship. But vice versa those countries started working even harder on their nuclear programs. State balance, a realist theory, however states that power and might should be dispersed and shared between the states. This way, the general good and international peace will be sustained. It also makes states less influenced and feared from other powerful ones, remarkably declining the possibility of armed rivalry and wars. Therefore, state balance is the more civilized and humane and therefore produces a set of policies which should be preferred.

Apush Chapter Notes

Although they shared similarities, the Northern and Southern colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries also had many differences. The diversity of the United States goes back to its beginning as a collection of northern and southern colonies. Their differences in religion, politics, economics, and social issues, and the way they dealt with them, are what shaped our country into what we are today. Religion in the southern colonies was not practiced with the enthusiasm that it was in New England. While most colonists of the south were Anglicans, they were more focused on their tobacco plantations. The same was true for the Catholic founders of Maryland. As their population grew, Protestants began to outnumber Catholics, though the Catholics continued to hold the power and influence. Just as in the other southern colonies, religion eventually took a back seat to tobacco in Maryland. Politics in the colonies were as different as their religious preferences. Seventeenth century New England was governed by Puritans. They governed the colonies with a General Court. The southern colonies, like Virginia, were ruled by the House of Burgesses. A large majority of the southern colonies followed the Virginia model of government. Northern colonial society was based on the Puritan religion. Community leaders attempted to form a completely pious society and to eliminate sin from within its boundaries. Those that did not conform were cast out or met with ridicule and violence, as is evident by the Salem witch trials. Southern colonists were mostly farmers with small plots of land that were maintained by family members and possibly a couple servants. Eventually, the mortality rate in the colonies began to decrease and most indentured servants survived long enough to be free. This caused a class system to develop that polarized the social structure of the south. Although they shared many similarities, and the prompt suggests that the Northern and Southern colonies were more similar than different, it seems clear that there were also many difference between the two. They had religious differences, they had political differences, they had economic and social differences. These differences prove the validity of the prompt’s statement to be wrong.